Knowing breast cancer
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. It is the second leading cause of death by cancer, following lung cancer. Breast cancer is the cancer that forms in the cells of the breast. Breasts are made of fat, glands, and connective (fibrous) tissues. Each breast has several lobes, which are divided into lobules that end in the milk glands. Tiny ducts run from the many tiny glands, connect together, and end in the nipple. Breast cancer occurs when a group of abnormal cells in the breast tissues form an abnormal growth pattern.
About one in eight women has a lifetime risk of developing invasive breast cancer. And yet, death rates from breast cancer have been gradually declining; the reasons being increased awareness, screening procedures and improved treatment methods.
In order to diagnose breast cancer at the earliest it is important for a woman to look out for changes in her breasts over time. Every woman must be familiar with the physical characteristics of her own breasts.
Risk factors leading to breast cancer
Risk factors for breast cancer include both, those that cannot be changed (such as genetics and age), and those that can be changed (such as lifestyle):
- Age: As a woman ages, her risk of breast cancer also increases. Breast cancer can strike at any age. About 77% of women with breast cancer are over age 50 at the time of diagnosis.
- Personal history: Women who have had breast cancer in one breast are three to four times more likely to develop breast cancer in the opposite breast, as compared to women who have never had breast cancer. This refers to the risk for developing a new tumor and not a recurrence (return) of the first cancer.
- Family history: If a woman’s blood relatives on either her mother’s or father’s side of the family have had breast cancer, then she is at an increased risk for the disease. Having a first-degree relative (mother, sister, daughter) with breast cancer can double a woman’s risk.
- Late childbearing: Women who have their first child after about age 30 have a greater risk of developing breast cancer, than women who have their children at a younger age.
- Genetics: Changes in certain genes may cause some cells to become cancerous.
- Alcohol/smoking: These habits can increase the risk of breast cancer.
- Hormone influences: Early menarche or late menopause play a role in the development of breast cancer.
- Overweight or obesity: This is a major risk factor, particularly in post-menopausal women.